Fuel properties of hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas lpg, and. Based on that assessment, this report provides a comparison of compressed natural gas cng and liquefied petroleum gas lpg supplied to lightduty vehicles. Lpg gas is not more expensive than natural gas, lpg is often less expensive. It has been a common fuel in homes and businesses since the 1920s.
It contains propane, butane, propylene and butylene. An odourising agent is added before distribution to give its characteristic smell. Propane and butane are the two best known of these hydrocarbons that are used as fuel in homes, businesses and industries. Since it is an inflammable mixture of all these gases, it has to be stored carefully. Lpg gas properties include heavier than air density specific gravity, boiling point, vapour expansion, energy content, combustion facts, lpg. The value of propane is immeasurable because it is used extensively in fueling forklifts in most american industries.
Propane is a hydrocarbon c3h8 and is sometimes referred to as liquefied petroleum gas, lp gas or lpg. The calorific value of gaseous fuel is expressed in kilocalories per normal cubic meter kcalnm3 i. The engine, which uses both conventional diesel fuel and lpg fuel, is referred to as lpgdiesel dual fuel engines. Difference between lpg and natural gas lpg vs natural gas. Domestic natural gas safety acs code title description ccn1 core domestic natural gas safety core domestic natural gas safety. Form4 lpg linking form ministry of petroleum and natural gas.
Liquefied petroleum gas lpg is used throughout the world as a fuel for cooking. The extent of deviations from perfect behavior is summarized by the compression factor 2. The analysis of hydrocarbon composition in lpg by gas. Domestic natural gas safety acs code title description. Liquefied petroleum gas lpg is gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions, but liquefied by cooling andor compression. Gaseous fuels in common use are liquefied petroleum gases lpg, natural gas, producer gas, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas etc. Primarily, assessing in order to identify the best location suitable for placement of the tanks is an essential requirement in order to comply with safety regulations. Technical evaluation and assessment of cnglpg bifuel and.
Compressed natural gas when the natural gas is compressed, it is called compressed natural gas cng. Fuel properties of hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas lpg. Propane is produced from both natural gas processing and crude oil refining. Propane is extracted from natural gas processing or from the. Lpg may be defined as those hydrocarbons which are gaseous at normal atmospheric pressure but condensed to liquid state at normal temperature by application of moderate pressure. Lpg at atmospheric pressure and temperature is a gas which is 1. Lpg marketed in india shall be governed by indian standard code is4576 refer table 1. Gases and compressed air air, lng, lpg and other common gas properties, pipeline capacities, sizing of relief valves. Lpg or lp gas is the acronym for liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas. Lpg has a higher energy content and the relative positions of lpg vs natural gas price has changed over time, with lpg now cheaper than natural gas in many cases. Liquefied petroleum gas lp gas hazards when lp gas is stored under pressure it changes phases to a liquid. Lpg is an abbreviation for liquefied petroleum gas and encompasses several products in the hydrocarbon family.
Pdf characteristic of lpg compositions in the fuel line during. The isotherms of a real gas introduce the concept of vapor pressure and critical behavior 4. Lpg is a group of flammable hydrocarbon gases liquefied through pressurisation. Worldwideliquefied petroleum gas lpg production is limited to about 10% of total gasoline and diesel fuel consumption and is used to a great extent for domestic and industrial purposes. Form 1 integrated science unit 1 introducing science. Lpg prices fluctuate with changes in global supply and demand. Thats why gas prices increase during australian summers because the northern hemisphere winter means gas heaters are in full swing. The virial equation is an empirical extension of the perfect gas equation 3. The role of liquefi ed petroleum gas in reducing energy poverty.
Lpgas servicemans handbook the fisher controls lpgas servicemans handbook serves as a general reference of information on lpgas and for the installation, operation and maintenance of lpgas equipment. Generally, lpg does not constitute any risk of poisoning, but as it is a. Lpg is a mixture of several molecules which have different properties. For industries today, quality, costs, efficiency, environment, heat controlability, among others, are major concerns when it comes to choosing the right fuel. Lpg addresses all these making it the ideal fuel choice for a host of industrial applications. Pure propane is commonly used as an expellant gas for items such as shaving creams and deodorants. Intermediate gas storage is usually achieved by a hydraulic seal as in a gasometre. As with natural gas, an identifying odor is added so the gas can be readily.
Properties of gaseous fuel liquefied petroleum gas. The workshop was hosted by the ministry of petroleum under a joint initiative led by the ministry of environment, forestry and physical development mefpd. The compound distribution data of the hydrocarbons. Liquefied petroleum gas liquefied petroleum gas is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles, and increasingly replacing chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant to reduce damage to the ozone layer. If demand is low and theres plenty of gas, prices fall. Commonly called propane, it is the most popular alternative fuel in the world. About lpg hindustan petroleum corporation limited, india.
Lpg is commonly used as an industrial fuel for domestic and commercial purposes like town gas and autogas. It is a good mixture of gases, mainly constituting propane and butane. If there is a loss in pressure it may leak temporarily as a liquid before converting to a heavierthanair gas. Report on the use of lpg as a domestic cooking fuel option in. Major manufacturers of industrial gases are the linde group germany, air liquide france, and praxair usa. Woqod gas contractors offer services for installing lpg tanks for customers. Liquefied petroleum gas is fast gaining popularity in industries for a wide variety of uses.
The density of lpg is defined as its mass per unit volume. Liquefied petroleum gas 2 product reference manual section 5 liquefied petroleum gas afrox is the leading supplier of liquefied petroleum gas lpg in subsaharan africa and pioneered the lpg industry in south africa under the brand name handigas in the early 1950s, which is still the leading brand name in lpg today. Lp gas is flammable at a wide range of concentrations, and due to its physical properties it presents several unique hazards. The hazard fields include special hazard alerts air and water reactions, fire hazards, health hazards, a reactivity profile, and details about reactive groups assignments and potentially incompatible absorbents. Natural gases all natural gases are gaseous mixtures of several pure chemical components sometimes holding solid or liquid particles in suspension. Demand, supply and future perspectives for sudan, which was held in khartoum on 12 december 2010. Obtained during the processing of crude oil, or direct from the north sea. Lpg is also used as feedstock in chemicals plant processes. Liquefied petroleum gas lpg is a portable, clean and efficient energy source which is readily available to consumers around the world.
It provides key data and answers important questions that are relevant to management and field servicemen in the lpgas industry. Jun 19, 2018 this animated video describes lpg properties. Propane gas is the most widely used liquefied petroleum gas lpg in the united states. Technical data for propane, butane, and lpg mixtures alternate. There are a number of gases that fall under the lpg label. The comparison is then expanded to consider the poten. But when demand is high, theres less gas and prices rise. Liquefied petroleum gas lpg awareness massachusetts firefighting academy 1075 is the united nations u. Understand how liquefied petroleum gas lpg is used to run an engine, the benefits, and some of the choices you need to make. The analysis of hydrocarbon composition in lpg by gas chromatography using the dvls liquefied gas injector introduction specification of the hydrocarbon composition of lpg is required as traces of hydrocarbon impurities in lpg can negatively effect the fuel quality and processing. Why women in developing countries want lpg and how they can get it in the year 2014 it is shocking to recognise that billions lack access to basic energy services. Recent developing country experience masami kojima1 key words. Lpg bulk tanks are the best alternative option for domestic customers.
Lpg, or simply propane, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and. Hydrogen has good properties as a fuel for internal combustion engines in automobiles. Originally, lpg is an odourless gas, but in order to detect leakages by the sense of smell, a tracing agent, usually ethyl mercaptan or thiophene, is added to the gas in quantities permitting detection of gas concentrations in air of 2025% of the lower explosion limit. Research and development activities on liquefied petroleum gas. The mixture of liquefied hydrocarbon gases c3c4 propane and butane. Automotive lpg and natural gas engines highlights process and technology status internal combustion engines running on liquid petroleum gas lpg are wellproven technologies and work much like gasolinepowered sparkignition engines. Lpg is a coproduct of natural gas and crude oil production. Lpg dual fuel engines are modified diesel engines which use primary fuel. Densitytemperaturesboilingflame 18 lpg fast facts 1. Liquefied petroleum gas lpg ump institutional repository. Lpg comes from natural gas processing and petroleum refining. Liquefied petroleum gas, or lpg as it is better known as, is a hydrocarbon. The liquefied petroleum gas regulation of use in motor vehicles order, 20011 1st august, 2001 in exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 of the essential commodities act, 1955 10 of 1955, the central government hereby makes the following order, namely. Because it can be stored as a liquid at atmospheric temperatures, propane has a huge advantage over natural gas, which must be highly compressed to store the same amount of energy in a similar sized tank.